Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells

Lorelle M. Mansfield; Ingrid L. Repins; Stephen Glynn; Michael D. Carducci; David M. Honecker; Joel W. Pankow; Matthew R. Young; Clay DeHart; Rajalakshmi Sundaramoorthy; Carolyn L. Beall; Bobby To

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937

Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells

Lorelle M. Mansfield
, Ingrid L. Repins
, Stephen Glynn
, Michael D. Carducci
, David M. Honecker
, Joel W. Pankow
, Matthew R. Young
, Clay DeHart
, Rajalakshmi Sundaramoorthy
, Carolyn L. Beall
, Bobby To

Climax Molybdenum Technology Center
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Research output: Contribution to conference › Paper › peer-review

22 Scopus Citations

Abstract

The efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se ₂ (CIGS) solar cells is enhanced when Na is incorporated in the CIGS absorber layer. This work examines Na incorporation in CIGS utilizing Na-doped Mo sputtered from targets made with sodium molybdate-doped (MONA) powder. Mo:Na films with varying thicknesses were sputtered onto Mo-coated borosilicate glass (BSG) or stainless steel substrates for CIGS solar cells. By use of this technique, the Na content of CIGS can be varied from near-zero to higher than that obtained from a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate. Targets and deposition conditions are described. The doped Mo films are analyzed, and the resulting devices are compared to devices fabricated on Mo-coated SLG as well as Mo-coated BSG with NaF. Completed devices utilizing MONA exceeded 15.7% efficiency without anti-reflective coating, which was consistently higher than devices prepared with the NaF precursor. Strategies for minimizing adhesion difficulties are presented.

Original language	American English
Pages	3636-3641
Number of pages	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937 https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185937
State	Published - 2011
Event	37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011 - Seattle, WA, United States Duration: 19 Jun 2011 → 24 Jun 2011

Conference

Conference	37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011
Country/Territory	United States
City	Seattle, WA
Period	19/06/11 → 24/06/11

Bibliographical note

See NREL/CP-5200-50722 for preprint

NLR Publication Number

NREL/CP-5200-55737

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Cite this

Mansfield, L. M., Repins, I. L., Glynn, S., Carducci, M. D., Honecker, D. M., Pankow, J. W., Young, M. R., DeHart, C., Sundaramoorthy, R., Beall, C. L., & To, B. (2011). Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells. 3636-3641. Paper presented at 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011, Seattle, WA, United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937, https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185937

@conference{6f2cf05d0d6946d7bc4b46fe516fd866,

title = "Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells",

abstract = "The efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells is enhanced when Na is incorporated in the CIGS absorber layer. This work examines Na incorporation in CIGS utilizing Na-doped Mo sputtered from targets made with sodium molybdate-doped (MONA) powder. Mo:Na films with varying thicknesses were sputtered onto Mo-coated borosilicate glass (BSG) or stainless steel substrates for CIGS solar cells. By use of this technique, the Na content of CIGS can be varied from near-zero to higher than that obtained from a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate. Targets and deposition conditions are described. The doped Mo films are analyzed, and the resulting devices are compared to devices fabricated on Mo-coated SLG as well as Mo-coated BSG with NaF. Completed devices utilizing MONA exceeded 15.7\% efficiency without anti-reflective coating, which was consistently higher than devices prepared with the NaF precursor. Strategies for minimizing adhesion difficulties are presented.",

author = "Mansfield, \{Lorelle M.\} and Repins, \{Ingrid L.\} and Stephen Glynn and Carducci, \{Michael D.\} and Honecker, \{David M.\} and Pankow, \{Joel W.\} and Young, \{Matthew R.\} and Clay DeHart and Rajalakshmi Sundaramoorthy and Beall, \{Carolyn L.\} and Bobby To",

note = "See NREL/CP-5200-50722 for preprint; 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011 ; Conference date: 19-06-2011 Through 24-06-2011",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937",

language = "American English",

pages = "3636--3641",

}

Mansfield, LM, Repins, IL, Glynn, S, Carducci, MD, Honecker, DM, Pankow, JW, Young, MR, DeHart, C, Sundaramoorthy, R, Beall, CL & To, B 2011, 'Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells', Paper presented at 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011, Seattle, WA, United States, 19/06/11 - 24/06/11 pp. 3636-3641. https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937, https://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2011.6185937

TY - CONF

T1 - Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells

AU - Mansfield, Lorelle M.

AU - Repins, Ingrid L.

AU - Glynn, Stephen

AU - Carducci, Michael D.

AU - Honecker, David M.

AU - Pankow, Joel W.

AU - Young, Matthew R.

AU - DeHart, Clay

AU - Sundaramoorthy, Rajalakshmi

AU - Beall, Carolyn L.

AU - To, Bobby

N1 - See NREL/CP-5200-50722 for preprint

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - The efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells is enhanced when Na is incorporated in the CIGS absorber layer. This work examines Na incorporation in CIGS utilizing Na-doped Mo sputtered from targets made with sodium molybdate-doped (MONA) powder. Mo:Na films with varying thicknesses were sputtered onto Mo-coated borosilicate glass (BSG) or stainless steel substrates for CIGS solar cells. By use of this technique, the Na content of CIGS can be varied from near-zero to higher than that obtained from a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate. Targets and deposition conditions are described. The doped Mo films are analyzed, and the resulting devices are compared to devices fabricated on Mo-coated SLG as well as Mo-coated BSG with NaF. Completed devices utilizing MONA exceeded 15.7% efficiency without anti-reflective coating, which was consistently higher than devices prepared with the NaF precursor. Strategies for minimizing adhesion difficulties are presented.

AB - The efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells is enhanced when Na is incorporated in the CIGS absorber layer. This work examines Na incorporation in CIGS utilizing Na-doped Mo sputtered from targets made with sodium molybdate-doped (MONA) powder. Mo:Na films with varying thicknesses were sputtered onto Mo-coated borosilicate glass (BSG) or stainless steel substrates for CIGS solar cells. By use of this technique, the Na content of CIGS can be varied from near-zero to higher than that obtained from a soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate. Targets and deposition conditions are described. The doped Mo films are analyzed, and the resulting devices are compared to devices fabricated on Mo-coated SLG as well as Mo-coated BSG with NaF. Completed devices utilizing MONA exceeded 15.7% efficiency without anti-reflective coating, which was consistently higher than devices prepared with the NaF precursor. Strategies for minimizing adhesion difficulties are presented.

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DO - 10.1109/pvsc.2011.6185937

M3 - Paper

AN - SCOPUS:84861082174

SP - 3636

EP - 3641

T2 - 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, PVSC 2011

Y2 - 19 June 2011 through 24 June 2011

ER -

Sodium-Doped Molybdenum Targets for Controllable Sodium Incorporation in CIGS Solar Cells

Abstract

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Bibliographical note

NLR Publication Number

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