Abstract
We present a swing-equation model with generalized and equilibria-dependent inertia, damping, and synchronization constants for energy conversion interfaces with second-order active-power versus voltage-phasor-angle dynamics connected to an infinite bus. The model is unified in that prudent parameterization of the second-order angle-to-power transfer function aligns with reduced-order models for synchronous generators, grid-following inverters with fast frequency-response capability, and droop- and virtual synchronous generator-based grid-forming inverters. Parametric necessary and sufficient conditions to examine small-signal stability of angle equilibria are derived from the unified swing-equation model.
| Original language | American English |
|---|---|
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | ArXiv.org |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 2026 |
NLR Publication Number
- NLR/JA-5D00-101142
Keywords
- grid-following inverter
- grid-forming inverter
- small-signal stability
- swing equation
- synchronous generator
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