Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems

Hao Chen; Aidan Maxwell; Chongwen Li; Sam Teale; Bin Chen; Tong Zhu; Esma Ugur; George Harrison; Luke Grater; Junke Wang; Zaiwei Wang; Lewei Zeng; So Min Park; Lei Chen; Peter Serles; Rasha Awni; Biwas Subedi; Xiaopeng Zheng; Chuanxiao Xiao; Nikolas Podraza; Tobin Filleter; Cheng Liu; Yi Yang; Joseph Luther; Stefaan De Wolf; Mercouri Kanatzidis; Yanfa Yan; Edward Sargent

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems

Hao Chen
, Aidan Maxwell
, Chongwen Li
, Sam Teale
, Bin Chen
, Tong Zhu
, Esma Ugur
, George Harrison
, Luke Grater
, Junke Wang
, Zaiwei Wang
, Lewei Zeng
, So Min Park
, Lei Chen
, Peter Serles
, Rasha Awni
, Biwas Subedi
, Xiaopeng Zheng
, Chuanxiao Xiao
, Nikolas Podraza

Tobin Filleter, Cheng Liu, Yi Yang, Joseph Luther, Stefaan De Wolf, Mercouri Kanatzidis, Yanfa Yan, Edward Sargent

Chemistry and Nanoscience

University of Toronto
University of Toledo
Northwestern University
King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

551 Scopus Citations

Abstract

The open-circuit voltage (V_OC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. ^1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show V_OC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact^3–5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite–electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V V_OC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record V_OC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance V_OC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	676-681
Number of pages	6
Journal	Nature
Volume	613
Issue number	7945
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z
State	Published - 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

NLR Publication Number

NREL/JA-5900-83296

Keywords

all perovskite tandem
electronic properties
perovskite solar cell
photonic devices

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Chen, H., Maxwell, A., Li, C., Teale, S., Chen, B., Zhu, T., Ugur, E., Harrison, G., Grater, L., Wang, J., Wang, Z., Zeng, L., Park, S. M., Chen, L., Serles, P., Awni, R., Subedi, B., Zheng, X., Xiao, C., ... Sargent, E. (2023). Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems. Nature, 613(7945), 676-681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

@article{adf2f84ce3be4017aa187c8056a16f69,

title = "Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems",

abstract = "The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3–5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite–electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19\% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89\% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27\% PCE (26.3\% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86\% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.",

keywords = "all perovskite tandem, electronic properties, perovskite solar cell, photonic devices",

author = "Hao Chen and Aidan Maxwell and Chongwen Li and Sam Teale and Bin Chen and Tong Zhu and Esma Ugur and George Harrison and Luke Grater and Junke Wang and Zaiwei Wang and Lewei Zeng and Park, \{So Min\} and Lei Chen and Peter Serles and Rasha Awni and Biwas Subedi and Xiaopeng Zheng and Chuanxiao Xiao and Nikolas Podraza and Tobin Filleter and Cheng Liu and Yi Yang and Joseph Luther and \{De Wolf\}, Stefaan and Mercouri Kanatzidis and Yanfa Yan and Edward Sargent",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z",

language = "American English",

volume = "613",

pages = "676--681",

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Chen, H, Maxwell, A, Li, C, Teale, S, Chen, B, Zhu, T, Ugur, E, Harrison, G, Grater, L, Wang, J, Wang, Z, Zeng, L, Park, SM, Chen, L, Serles, P, Awni, R, Subedi, B, Zheng, X, Xiao, C, Podraza, N, Filleter, T, Liu, C, Yang, Y, Luther, J, De Wolf, S, Kanatzidis, M, Yan, Y & Sargent, E 2023, 'Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems', Nature, vol. 613, no. 7945, pp. 676-681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

TY - JOUR

T1 - Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems

AU - Chen, Hao

AU - Maxwell, Aidan

AU - Li, Chongwen

AU - Teale, Sam

AU - Chen, Bin

AU - Zhu, Tong

AU - Ugur, Esma

AU - Harrison, George

AU - Grater, Luke

AU - Wang, Junke

AU - Wang, Zaiwei

AU - Zeng, Lewei

AU - Park, So Min

AU - Chen, Lei

AU - Serles, Peter

AU - Awni, Rasha

AU - Subedi, Biwas

AU - Zheng, Xiaopeng

AU - Xiao, Chuanxiao

AU - Podraza, Nikolas

AU - Filleter, Tobin

AU - Liu, Cheng

AU - Yang, Yi

AU - Luther, Joseph

AU - De Wolf, Stefaan

AU - Kanatzidis, Mercouri

AU - Yan, Yanfa

AU - Sargent, Edward

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3–5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite–electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.

AB - The open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit in perovskite solar cells is greater in wide-bandgap (over 1.7 eV) cells than in perovskites of roughly 1.5 eV (refs. 1,2). Quasi-Fermi-level-splitting measurements show VOC-limiting recombination at the electron-transport-layer contact3–5. This, we find, stems from inhomogeneous surface potential and poor perovskite–electron transport layer energetic alignment. Common monoammonium surface treatments fail to address this; as an alternative, we introduce diammonium molecules to modify perovskite surface states and achieve a more uniform spatial distribution of surface potential. Using 1,3-propane diammonium, quasi-Fermi-level splitting increases by 90 meV, enabling 1.79 eV perovskite solar cells with a certified 1.33 V VOC and over 19% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Incorporating this layer into a monolithic all-perovskite tandem, we report a record VOC of 2.19 V (89% of the detailed balance VOC limit) and over 27% PCE (26.3% certified quasi-steady state). These tandems retained more than 86% of their initial PCE after 500 h of operation.

KW - all perovskite tandem

KW - electronic properties

KW - perovskite solar cell

KW - photonic devices

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85144489560

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-05541-z

M3 - Article

C2 - 36379225

AN - SCOPUS:85144489560

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 613

SP - 676

EP - 681

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7945

ER -

Regulating Surface Potential Maximizes Voltage in All-Perovskite Tandems

Abstract

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Keywords

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