Cross-Comparison of Energy System Modeling Scope to Study Flexible Thermal Energy Resources

The integration of flexible thermal energy resources in future power grids could enhance the resilience and efficiency of modern energy systems. This paper presents a qualitative cross-comparison of European and U.S. perspectives on the representation of heating and cooling flexibility in energy system modeling. By analyzing modeling approaches, we identify how two different tools address the challenges and opportunities associated with flexible thermal energy resources. Our findings reveal that there is a complementary nature of sectorspecific and cross-sectoral modeling approaches, suggesting that future research should focus on linking these methodologies without compromising important modeling functionalities that can provide valuable insights into optimal energy strategies from different perspectives.