A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

Jin Ye; Annarita Giani; Ahmed Elasser; Sudip Mazumder; Chris Farnell; Homer Alan Mantooth; Taesic Kim; Jianzhe Liu; Bo Chen; Gab-Su Seo; Wenzhan Song; Mateo Greidanus; Subham Sahoo; Frede Blaabjerg; Jinan Zhang; Lulu Guo; Bohyun Ahn; Mohammad Shadmand; Nanditha Gajanur; Mohammad Abbaszada

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728

A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

Jin Ye
, Annarita Giani
, Ahmed Elasser
, Sudip Mazumder
, Chris Farnell
, Homer Alan Mantooth
, Taesic Kim
, Jianzhe Liu
, Bo Chen
, Gab-Su Seo
, Wenzhan Song
, Mateo Greidanus
, Subham Sahoo
, Frede Blaabjerg
, Jinan Zhang
, Lulu Guo
, Bohyun Ahn
, Mohammad Shadmand
, Nanditha Gajanur
, Mohammad Abbaszada

Power Systems Engineering

University of Georgia
General Electric
University of Illinois at Chicago
University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
Texas A&M University-Kingsville
Argonne National Laboratory
Aalborg University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

142 Scopus Citations

Abstract

In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber-physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.

Original language	American English
Pages (from-to)	4879-4901
Number of pages	23
Journal	IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
Volume	10
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728 https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3111728
State	Published - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.

NLR Publication Number

NREL/JA-5D00-80671

Keywords

cyber-physical security
Cybersecurity assessment
detection and mitigation
firmware and network security
photovoltaic (PV) converter

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Ye, J., Giani, A., Elasser, A., Mazumder, S., Farnell, C., Mantooth, H. A., Kim, T., Liu, J., Chen, B., Seo, G.-S., Song, W., Greidanus, M., Sahoo, S., Blaabjerg, F., Zhang, J., Guo, L., Ahn, B., Shadmand, M., Gajanur, N., & Abbaszada, M. (2022). A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 10(4), 4879-4901. https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3111728

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title = "A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems",

abstract = "In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber-physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.",

keywords = "cyber-physical security, Cybersecurity assessment, detection and mitigation, firmware and network security, photovoltaic (PV) converter",

author = "Jin Ye and Annarita Giani and Ahmed Elasser and Sudip Mazumder and Chris Farnell and Mantooth, \{Homer Alan\} and Taesic Kim and Jianzhe Liu and Bo Chen and Gab-Su Seo and Wenzhan Song and Mateo Greidanus and Subham Sahoo and Frede Blaabjerg and Jinan Zhang and Lulu Guo and Bohyun Ahn and Mohammad Shadmand and Nanditha Gajanur and Mohammad Abbaszada",

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year = "2022",

doi = "10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728",

language = "American English",

volume = "10",

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Ye, J, Giani, A, Elasser, A, Mazumder, S, Farnell, C, Mantooth, HA, Kim, T, Liu, J, Chen, B, Seo, G-S, Song, W, Greidanus, M, Sahoo, S, Blaabjerg, F, Zhang, J, Guo, L, Ahn, B, Shadmand, M, Gajanur, N & Abbaszada, M 2022, 'A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems', IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 4879-4901. https://doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728, https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2021.3111728

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T1 - A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

AU - Ye, Jin

AU - Giani, Annarita

AU - Elasser, Ahmed

AU - Mazumder, Sudip

AU - Farnell, Chris

AU - Mantooth, Homer Alan

AU - Kim, Taesic

AU - Liu, Jianzhe

AU - Chen, Bo

AU - Seo, Gab-Su

AU - Song, Wenzhan

AU - Greidanus, Mateo

AU - Sahoo, Subham

AU - Blaabjerg, Frede

AU - Zhang, Jinan

AU - Guo, Lulu

AU - Ahn, Bohyun

AU - Shadmand, Mohammad

AU - Gajanur, Nanditha

AU - Abbaszada, Mohammad

PY - 2022

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N2 - In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber-physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.

AB - In this article, the challenges and a future vision of the cyber-physical security of photovoltaic (PV) systems are discussed from a firmware, network, PV converter controls, and grid security perspective. The vulnerabilities of PV systems are investigated under a variety of cyberattacks, ranging from data integrity attacks to software-based attacks. A success rate metric is designed to evaluate the impact and facilitate decision-making. Model-based and data-driven methods for threat detection and mitigation are summarized. In addition, the blockchain technology that addresses cyberattacks in software and cybernetworks is described. Simulation and experimental results that show the impact of cyberattacks at the converter (device) and grid (system) levels are presented. Finally, potential research opportunities are discussed for next-generation, cybersecure power electronics systems. These opportunities include multiscale controllability, self-/event-triggering control, artificial intelligence/machine learning, hot patching, and online security. As of today, this study will be one of the few comprehensive studies in this emerging and fast-growing area.

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KW - Cybersecurity assessment

KW - detection and mitigation

KW - firmware and network security

KW - photovoltaic (PV) converter

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DO - 10.1109/jestpe.2021.3111728

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85114740023

SN - 2168-6777

VL - 10

SP - 4879

EP - 4901

JO - IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

JF - IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

IS - 4

ER -

A Review of Cyber-Physical Security for Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract

Bibliographical note

NLR Publication Number

Keywords

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